Category Archives: Permaculture & gardening

In the deep mid-winter

“In seed time learn, in harvest teach, in winter enjoy.” William Blake

Ah yes, good old mystic Billy has a point if you take his proverb literally, because I for one, love and enjoy winter gardening!  What with native flowering plants and protea’s in bloom, and skies often filled with rainbows and fluffy-fast moving clouds,  it’s a colourful and exciting time.

King Protea, lord of winter colour.
King Protea, lord of winter colour.

I’ve now sloooowly started working on the front garden, at a good old snails pace just because of time limitations really. Sometimes gardening can be disillusioning as you often see fast transformation on television and wish you could be an agent of that fast change on your own projects. However, nature has a much more chillaxed approached and I for one, am starting to take a leaf out of nature’s…er…tree. Ahem.

So, although I might have an overall design and dream, it has to be phased, as in, one or two plants at a time. I do a lot of imaginary gardening.

The front garden is mostly native, mostly inherited from the previous owners. We’ve been here two years and are just starting with removing some inappropriately planted/neglected things. It’s hard work getting them out of clay. So my focus is mainly soil improvement  as it’s heavy clay.  Soil improvement has been the area I’ve come to learn a lot about.  I started gardening properly after moving to the UK, and the soil was incredible. Anything grew in it’s deep always-damp extremely fertile soil. It was glorious. Coming home to Australia,  my biggest learning curve has been  – be patient enough to get the soil loved up first. When I dig in the back garden now, in the areas I worked on, I get a huge sense of achievement at finding lots of worms and rich lovely soil.  It’s such a cool sense of doing something worthy.  I need to do that on an even bigger scale with the front though.

I started things off  last year with some gypsum in Spring, and this year I’ve improved one bed by bringing in sand and compost. That’s really labour (needed help) and fairly cost intensive to tackle the whole garden with addition.  I saw a tip on Gardening Australia from another gardener in Adelaide who said lucerne is the key to improving clay. Having already seen that in action in my vege beds in the backyard, I know it does work. So, my plan is to use lucerne for an undermulch, and then use a leaf mulch on top and let nature hopefully slowly heal the clay soil without bringing anything in. Patience required, but I have a lot of that.

I managed to plant some native grass tubestocks into the front this week.  My ultimate goal  for the front garden is making this a butterfly friendly garden.  The only thing really missing  is the lower canopy; the grasses and sedges, so that’s what I’m working on (in terms of research, planning and planting) through to Spring. That’s the plan anyway….

Meanwhile, the veg patch is thriving with winter greens including tuscan kale (I just used the last batch of kale that I froze from the garden harvest in September 2012), heirloom beetroots, romanesco broccoli, pak choi, brussel sprouts and lettuce. We had a bizarre warm start to winter which means my pak choi immediately bolted and flowered, but I’ve left those as beneficial flowers for the bees, rather than ripping them out. Macadamia’s are growing well and the mandarin tree grew orange orbs of deliciousness. Thinking about a lemon tree, thinking about a chocolate pudding fruit (black sapote) and a blood orange as additions, but might have to save up and wait until next Autumn realistically. Patience.

Greens galore!
Greens galore!
Back garden bed, stunning candles of blue salvia in mid-winter
Back garden bed, stunning candles of blue salvia in mid-winter

Leafy stuff

Leafy stuff

Apart from that…the more secretive residents of the garden do tend to come out to play more…

photo 9 photo 8

photo 6

photo 7

No-dig veg beds

I think it has been over a month ago now, that I started work in the bottom of the back garden on quite a large no-dig garden bed. It begins next to the kids area/cubby house and the idea is to build up enough organic matter to plant into above our heavy clay base. I’m also extending it along the back of the garden, around existing fruit and nut trees to try and hopefully even improve the existing clay a little.

My vision in this little corner for a child-friendly vegetable garden – a tactile, edible natural playground including sunflowers, tall corn, epic ‘jack-in-the-beanstalk’ beanstalks, peter-rabbity carrot patches, pumpkins and watermelons and herbs – so, a place to grow some of the bigger veg that doesn’t fit easily into my raised corrugated beds. A place for play and experimentation where the kids can hug a pumpkin and build a scarecrow.

I was most recently inspired by seeing the no-dig process on Gardening Australia in Costa Georgiadis’ verge garden. We did try a no-dig potato garden bed back in 2007 on the farm so it wasn’t a completely new process to me, but I hadn’t considered it for this space until seeing Costa. His enthusiasm and energy is infectious, and once I realised it would work well for this space, I was hooked on the idea.

On television it looks fairly straight forward and quick — and yes, the process does have both of those attributes – but the reality for me with two small children, is that it isn’t quick or even easy to begin. Even gathering enough newspaper, and materials to start was quite a task. We don’t buy newspapers, but a quick call out on Facebook for ideas about where to source a large bundle of newspapers (everyone puts them into the recycle bins these days) had a friend suggesting to hit up the local free newspaper office a few suburbs away. So I did that – fronted up in my gardening clothes with my two kids, and they were very generous with providing me with some newspapers. Great!

Then actually getting the time to physically do the work was my other challenge. It’s an exercise in patient multi-tasking between amusing and feeding the kids, getting the little one down for naps, keeping the household chores moving (although they did get neglected just by being in the garden) and reserving enough energy to work at the computer in the evening to keep my career afloat. This is why, although this might not look like a huge job, for me, this is epic achievement in the garden! It’s infrastructure, and not just maintenance!

You can’t really see from the photos I managed to take, but this technique is sometimes called lasagna gardening, because the process is that you build up layer upon layer of materials including straw, and any other organic materials you have handy. There are lots of different recipes, in fact here’s another recipe on the Gardening Australia website and another recipe – both different slightly from Costa’s verge garden recipe but this goes to show that as long as you get the balance of ingredients right, you can whatever organic material you have or want to acquire to do this.

And so, weeks on….I’m actually still working on it. I had to enlisted my husband to finish trenching the heavy clay for me, and to build the stone wall as edging. Alas, I do have to accept my physical limitations these days! The edging is important in this location as we have rampant kikuyu grass. Great drought tolerant ball play area, but not a friend to the veg bed. We’re getting there though and at the same time I’m slowly planting out seeds into my little green house and organising what we will sow directly – the kids will be involved a lot in the actual planting bit .

Gardening with young children is different, because you have to fit it in around everything else and you have to accept that sometimes it’s not going to work and you have to bail and come back another day. It can at times be frustrating when you have to do something that is difficult to involve them in. I’m all for getting dirty, and they certainly did do that, but keeping the little one out of the freshly-laid dung and making sure he wasn’t eating the lucerne was sort of important to me. 😉

The before
The before
The first layer – newspaper

My “helpers” er…reading about lasagne gardening. 😉
After a few layers of manure and straw and compost
You can’t tell from the photograph, but there are more think layers here. This photo shows one of young macadamia trees.
The start of the edging trench that I dug. Really, you should probably do your edging first, but I was not looking forward to digging through the heavy clay and needed to see some progress for inspiration first!
Part of the wall that my husband built, exactly what I had in mind – using ‘reclaimed’ stone from our local landscape supplier. I really love it.

Work is still in progress….so more updates soon….

Project mulberry begins

In my latest adventures in frugal gardening, I scavenged some mulberry tree cuttings via Facebook (thanks Deb & Udo!) to try growing a new tree. This is an experiment for me as I have never really ventured down the propagation path much in gardening.  I’m sure based on these photographs, seasoned experts at this sort of thing will chortle heartily at my technique in trying to create a new plant life from an old one. Mulberry trees are apparently very easy to grow from cuttings, and although it’s a slower method to receiving fruit from the tree, there is always the delight of being able to keep silkworms.

However, this experiment strikes me as a really cool learning experience for my little 4.5 year old sponge-brained daughter. We’ve grown plenty of stuff from seed so she is aware of how plants grow, and that trees drop seeds, but when some trees drop branches, new life can begin too, and I don’t think I’ve ever mention this to her. So I explained what we were going to do and said I needed her help.

I explained what we doing in terms of creating ‘children’ from the ‘parent tree’ and that it was a bit like Stick Man and the family tree. (Stick Man is one of our favourite stories – an excellent book by Julia Donaldson of Gruffalo fame).

She filled the pots with soil and helped me decide which branches to cut off.

She then dipped them in water, dipped them into rooting powder and stuck them into the pots.

Sticks in pots - hoping to grow into mulberry treesHere they are (no laughing seasoned experts!) We only did 5, as little nearly-one-year old has a limited patience with anything he can’t eat, but I plan to do more over the coming days, maybe with a few different techniques to see what works. Sprouting in a bowl of water before planting could be one option.

 

 

Gardening for Biodiversity

If you live in Adelaide and want to enhance the biodiversity of your little patch, there are some great tools online:

Butterfly-friendly native plants (interactive map from Butterfly Conservation Society of SA)
http://www.butterflygardening.net.au/plants/index.htm

Backyards for Wildlife (Urban Forest Biodiversity Program)
Plant database for local species, tips and resources on establishing a native and biodiverse garden, including container gardening with natives
http://plants2.backyards4wildlife.com.au/plantcatalogue/

Metallic nature

shield bug eggs
Shield bug eggs?

I found these beautiful little silver metallic eggs on the underside of a leaf.  I think they belong to a shield bug (or stink bug) and there are definitely plenty of those around from time to time.  I love the gradient pattern of colours, which I’m guessing are the result of the eggs being at different stages of development? Looks like a design.

As most shield bugs are plant pests, and like to suck sap, I have to say they aren’t exactly welcome to set up big colonies in my garden – unless they are the good guys (and I don’t know how to work that out yet). I’m going to keep an eye out for the bugs and see if I can learn something about who they are over summer.

Even if they are the pest variety,  I can definitely still appreciate their spot in the ecosystem and admire the beauty of their eggs. Respect your enemies.

Hanging tomatoes

Faced with two bushes full of lovely green tomatoes and shortening days, we’ve used our usual strategy of using up a glut of green tomatoes – making chutney, and picking some to ripen inside.  Ripening inside is ok, but sometimes they aren’t quite as tasty and seem to be a bit watery. I decided to see if there were any other methods for ripening tomatoes and found this article suggesting that you can pull up the bushes and hang them upside down to ripen the green ones.

I’ve heard of planting tomatoes to grow upside down, but had never considered  you could ripen them this way too. The advantage is that all the nutrient in the branches and leaves is apparently put into the tomato fruit and you get the same juicy fruits as you would have, had you been the middle of the sunny blue-skied growing season.Add to this that Richard had to pull my tomatoes out to make way for a wood store, and I decided that trying out the hanging method made lots of sense this year.

hanging tomatoes
Just-hung tomatoes

We just hung them against the fence, in a position of fuller sun than they had been when in the ground. You could put them somewhere more sheltered out of the rain.

tomatoes
Half of the daily harvest (Fionna ate 5 before I could take the photo)

And…it works! In the one week that ours have been hanging, they are ripening daily and there’s a steady daily supply.

After a week, I pruned back some of the dying branches today to let more sun in and help the plant put it’s energy into the remaining tomatoes.

I’m actually really impressed with the concept of doing this because it seems such a waste of a plant’s energy, to just rip up tomatoes bushes at the end of the season. Sometimes you have to do to make space for your winter crops, or in our case, a wood store. If we hadn’t moved them into the sun the unripened ones would have just rotted on the vine as the winter came in. This will definitely be an end-of-summer routine task from now on.

Native Frangipani

We have two beautiful trees in our front garden and I’ve managed to find out that they are native frangipani’s. There is nothing to me, more exciting that finding out what grows in the garden when you move house.

Native frangipani seeds
Hymenosporum flavum - Native frangipani seeds

They are such beautiful trees with fragrant flowers, so I took the opportunity of some seed saving, particular after reading that the plants can be hard to find.  The seeds are a thing of beauty in themselves.

 

Potato paradiso

On Christmas Day we harvested the first of our heirloom potatoes and were bombarded by lovely potatoey flavours. The first batch were grown in straw and we need to harvest and store (in hessian or calico bags) the rest of these this weekend, shortly followed by the other ones grown in soil. Planting in straw has been successful but it’s noticeable that the potatoes planted in soil grew with more vigour and overtook those planted in straw. Whether or not this makes a difference in the actual potato flavour remains to be seen when we unearth those in the next few weeks.

potatoes2007